Preparation of Ziegler-Natta catalysts for the synthesis of polypropylene/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites by in situ polymerization
Oliveira, Renato Jonas B. de; Santos, Juliana da Silva; Marques, Maria de Fátima V.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/polimeros.2014.052
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, vol.24, nEspecial, p.13-19, 2014
Abstract
Aiming to improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in a polymer matrix, a fourth-generation Ziegler-Natta, ZN, catalyst was prepared in the presence of CNT to synthesize nanocomposites of polypropylene (PP/CNT) by in situ polymerization. The performance of the ZN catalyst was evaluated along with the thermal (TGA and DSC) and dynamic-mechanical properties of the nanocomposites and they were compared with those of neat PP synthesized with the standard catalyst prepared without carbon nanoparticles. The thermal degradation temperature of the PP/CNT nanocomposite increased in comparison with that of neat PP. Moreover, the crystallization temperature and the degree of crystallinity sharply increased in PP/CNT materials. Finally, the storage modulus of the nanocomposite prepared by 30 min of polymerization increased, as well as the Tg.
Keywords
Polypropylene, nanocomposite, in situ polymerization, carbon nanotubes,
Ziegler-Natta
References
1. Ma, P.C.; Siddiqui, N.A.; Marom, G. & Kim, J.K. - Composites Part A, 41, p. 1345 (2010).
2. Al Saleh, M.H.; Sundararaj, U. - Carbon, 47, p.2 (2009).
3. Thomassin, J.M.; Huynen, I., Jerome, R. & Detrembleur, C. - Polymer, 51, p.115 (2010).
4. Zhou, X.W.; Zhu, Y.F. & Liang, J. - Mater. Res. Bull., 42, p.456 (2007).
5. Hammel, E.; Tang, X.; Trampert, M.; Schmitt, T.; Mauthner, K.; Eder, A. & Pötscherke, P. - Carbon, 42, p.1153 (2004).
6. Keith, J.M.; King, J.A. & Johnson, B.A. - J. New Mater. Electrochem. Syst., 11, p.253 (2008).
7. Uchida T.; Anderson, D.P.; Minus, M.L. & Kuma, S. - J. Mater. Sci., 41, p.5851 (2006).
8. Li, J.; Wong, P. S. & Kim, J. K. - Mater. Sci. Eng., A. 483, p.660 (2008).
9. Banerjee, B. S; Hemraj-Benny, T. & Wong, S. S. - Adv. Mater., 17, p. 17 (2005).
10. Funck, A. & Kaminsky, W. - Compos. Sci. Technol., 67, p. 906 (2006).
11. Sahoo, N.G.; Rana, S.; Cho J.W., Li, L. & Chan, S.H. - Prog. Polym. Sci., 35, p.837 (2010).
12. Andoni, A.; Chadwick, J.C.; Milani, S.; Niemantsyerdriet, H. (J.W.) & Thüne, P.C. - J. Catal, 247, p.129 (2007).
13. Kaushik, V.K; Gupta,V.K. & Naik, D.G. XPS. - Appl. Surf. Sci.. 253, p.753 (2006).
14. Huang, J. & Rempel, G.L. - Prog. Polym. Sci., 20, p.459 (1995).
15. Mukhopadhyay, S.; Kulkarni, S. A. & Bhaduri, S. - J. Organomet. Chem., 690, p.1356 (2005).
16. Stukalov, D.V.; Zakharov, V.A.; Potapov, A.G. & Bukatov, G.D. - J. Catal., 266, p.39 (2009).
17. Kissin, Y.V.; Liu, X.; Pollic,D.J.; Brungard, N.L. & Chang, M. - J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 287, p.45 (2008).
18. Oliveira, R. J. B; Forrester, A. M. S & Marques, M. F. V. - Macromol. Symp., 299/300, p.215 (2011).
19. Oliveira, R. J. B. “Estabilização de polipropileno com antioxidantes naturais: comparação entre as técnicas de mistura in situ e no estado fundido”, Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2010).
20. Almeida, L. A. “Nanocompósitos de polietileno e polipropileno sintetizados com catalisadores Ziegler-Natta com morfologia controlada”, Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2008).
21. Marques, M. F. V; Cardoso, R. S & Galvão, G. S. - Appl. Catal., A, 374, p.65 (2010).
22. Cardoso, R. S. “Desenvolvimento de catalisadores Ziegler-Natta com morfologia controlada para síntese de polipropileno/argila”, Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2011).
23. Akinci, A. – Arch. Mater. Sci. Eng., 35, p.91 (2009).
24. Chrissafis, K., Paraskevopoulos, K.M., Stavrev, S.Y., Docoslis, A., Vassiliou, A. & Bikiaris, D.N. - Thermochim. Acta, 465, p.6 (2007).
25. Song, P; Zhao, L; Cao, Z & Fang, Z. - J. Mater. Chem., 21, p.7782 (2011).
26. Ganß, M; Satapathy, B. K; Thunga, M; Weidisch, R; Pötschke, P & Jehnichen, D. - Acta Mater., 56, p.2227 (2008).
27. Xia, H; Wang, Q; Li K; Hu, G-H.- J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 93, p. 378 (2004).
28. Seo, M-K; Lee, J-R; Park, S-J.- Mat. Sci. Eng.: A, 404, p. 79 (2005).
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email