Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) blends based on Poly(3-Hydroxi-Butyrate) (PHB) and Guar Gum (GG) biodegradable polymers
Rocha, Marisa C. G.; Moraes, Lorena Rodrigues da Costa
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.1495
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, vol.25, n1, p.42-48, 2015
Abstract
LDPE blends based on PHB and GG biodegradable polymers were prepared by melt mixing in a twin screw extruder. The mechanical properties of the materials were evaluated. Preliminary information about the biodegradation behavior of the specimens was obtained by visual observation of samples removed from the simulated soil in 90 days. The results indicated that LDPE/PHB blends may be used for designing LDPE based materials with increased susceptibility to degradation, if elongation at break and impact properties are not determinant factors of their performance. LDPE based materials on GG present values of flexural and mechanical strength lower than those of LDPE/PHB blends. LDPE/PHB/GG blends exhibit unsatisfactory properties. Apparently, the effect of addition of GG to LDPE on the biodegradation behavior of LDPE/GG blends was less intense than the effect caused by addition of PHB to the blends. Similar observation has occurred with the partial replacement of GG by PHB in the ternary blends.
Keywords
blends, guar gum, low density polyethylene, mechanical properties, poly (3-hydroxi-butyrate).
References
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24. Sharma, B. R., Dhuldhoya, N. C., Merchant, S. U., & Merchant, U. C. (2008). A glimpse of galactomannan. Science Tech Entrepreneur, 1-10.
2. Shah, P. B., Bandopadhyay, S., & Bellare, J. R. (1995). Environmentally degradable starch filled low density polyethylene. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 47(2), 165‑173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(94)00088-P.
3. Chandra, R., & Rustgi, R. (1998). Biodegradable polymers. Progress in Polymer Science, 23(7), 1273-1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(97)00039-7.
4. Arvanitotannis, I., Biliaderis, C. G., Ogawa, H., & Kawasaki, N. (1998). Biodegradable films made from low-density polyethylene (LDPE), rice starch and potato starch for food packaging applications: Part 1. Carbohydrate Polymers, 36(2‑3), 89-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0144‑8617(98)00016-2.
5. Martelli, S. M., Fernandes, E. G., & Chiellini, E. (2011). Thermal analysis of soil buried oxo-biodegradable polyethylene based blends. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 5(3), 333-339.
6. Burlein, G. A. D. (2010). Avaliação das propriedades de polietileno de baixa densidade PEBD, poli (3-hidróxibutirato) (PHB) e de suas misturas com torta de mamona (Master Thesis). State University of Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo.
7. Martelli, S. M. (2011). Environmentally compatible polymeric blends and composites based on oxo-biodegradable polyethylene (Dissertation), University of Pisa, Pisa.
8. Avella, M., Martuscelli, E., & Raimo, M. (2000). Review Properties of blends and composites based on poly(3-hydroxy) butyrate (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) copolymers. Journal of Materials Science, 35(3), 523-545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004740522751.
9. Silva, C. R. (2001). Estudo de blendas potencialmente biodegradáveis de poli (3-hidroxibutirato) (PHB) e polietileno de baixa densidade (Master Thesis). University of Campinas, Campinas.
10. Rosa, D. S., Gaboardi, F., Guedes, C. G. F., & Calil, M. R. (2007). Influence of oxidized polyethylene wax (OPW) on the mechanical, thermal, morphological and biodegradation properties of PHB/LDPE blends. Journal of Materials Science, 42(19), 8093-8100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1701-z.
11. Arkatkar, A., Arutchelvi, J., Sudhakar, M., Bhaduri, S., Uppara, P. V., & Doble, M. (2009). Approaches to Enhance the Biodegradation of Polyolefins. The Open Environmental Engineering Journal, 2(1), 68-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874829500902010068.
12. Pankova, Y., Shchegolikhin, A., Iordanskii, A., Zhulkina, A., Ol’Khov, A., & Zaikov, G. (2011). The characterization of novel biodegradable blends based on polihydroxybutyrate. Chemistry & Chemical Technology, 5(3), 333-339.
13. Labuzek, S., Nowak, B., & Pajak, J. (2004). The Susceptibility of Polyethylene Modified with Bionolle to Biodegradation by Filamentous Fungi. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 13(1), 59-68.
14. Pinheiro, A. C., Bourbon, A. I., Rocha, C., Ribeiro, C., Maia, J. M., Gonçalves, M. P., Teixeira, J. A., & Vicente, A. A. (2011). Rheological characterization of κ-carrageenan/galactomannan and xanthan/galactomannan gels: Comparison of galactomannans from non-traditional sources with conventional galactomannans. Carbohydrate Polymers, 83(2), 392-399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.07.058.
15. Azero, E. G., & Andrade, C. T. (1999). Extração e caracterização da galactomanana de sementes de Caesalpinia pulcherrima. Polímeros, 9(2), 54-59.
16.. Gupta, A. P., & Arora, G. (2012). Preperation and Characterization of Cross-linked Guar-Gum Poly(vinylalcohol) Green Films. Der Chimica Sinica, 3(5), 1191-1197.
17. Vendruscolo, C. W. (2005). Goma Xantana e Galactomanana (M. scabrella): Desenvolvimento de matrizes hidrofílicas para liberação modificada de teofilina (Master Thesis). Vale do Itajaí University, Itajaí.
18. Banegas, R. S., Melo, A., & Soldi, V. (2009). Efeitos do sorbitol e EDC nas propriedades mecânicas e térmicas de filmes formados por goma guar. In Anais da 32ª Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Química (pp. QC-015). Fortaleza: Sociedade Brasileira de Química.
19. Banegas, R. S., Zornio, C. F., Borges, A. M. G., Porto, L. C., & Soldi, V. (2013). Preparation, Characterization and Properties of Films Obtained from Cross-linked Guar Gum. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 23(2), 182-188.
20. Skalková, P.; Pocarovský, P., & Durfinová, J. (2011). Thermal and Morphological properties of LDPE/ Galactomannan blends. In P. Skalková, P. Pocarovský, & J. Durfinová (Eds.), Machine Modelling and Simulations (415-420). Trenčín: TnUAD.
21. Rocha, M. C. G., Coutinho, F. M. B., & Balke, S. (1994). Indice de fluidez: uma variável de controle de processos de degradação controlada de polipropileno por extrusão reativa. Polímeros, 4(3), 33-37.
22. Coutinho, F. M. B., Mello, I. L., & Santa Maria, L. C. (2003). Polietileno: principais tipos, propriedades e aplicações. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 13(1), 1-13.
23. Machado, M. L. C., Pereira, N. C., Miranda, L. F., Terence, M. C., & Pradella, J. G. C. (2010). Estudo das Propriedades Mecânicas e Térmicas do Polímero Poli-3-Hidroxibutirato (PHB) e de Compósitos PHB/Pó de Madeira. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 20(1), 65-71.
24. Sharma, B. R., Dhuldhoya, N. C., Merchant, S. U., & Merchant, U. C. (2008). A glimpse of galactomannan. Science Tech Entrepreneur, 1-10.
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